15 Common Reasons PhD Theses Run Into Problems at Examination

Common thesis weaknesses that can create difficult examinations or major corrections, including methodology, analysis, coherence and unsupported claims.

1. The original contribution is unclear.
2. Research questions and methods do not align.
3. Methodological choices are described but not justified.
4. The literature review summarises rather than synthesises and critiques.
5. The theoretical framework is not used in the later analysis.
6. Sampling is weakly defended.
7. The analytical process is not transparent.
8. Statistical values or interpretations are inconsistent.
9. Qualitative findings remain descriptive rather than analytical.
10. Results and discussion are poorly connected.
11. Claims exceed what the design and evidence support.
12. Contradictory evidence or rival explanations are ignored.
13. Limitations are generic rather than consequential.
14. Definitions, objectives or methods contradict one another across chapters.
15. The written thesis does not make the reasoning behind important decisions sufficiently explicit.